By Amidu Zainab Bolanle (U19MM1095)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects about 1 in 10 women of reproductive age globally. Despite how common it is, many remain undiagnosed. According to the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), PCOS is diagnosed when at least two of the following are present: irregular ovulation, elevated androgens, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.
What Is PCOS?
PCOS is a hormonal imbalance that affects reproductive, metabolic, and mental health. It often leads to irregular periods, excess androgens (male hormones), and undeveloped ovarian follicles. Many women also experience acne, hirsutism, insulin resistance, and a higher risk of diabetes or heart disease.
What Causes PCOS?
Though the exact cause is unknown, PCOS is believed to result from genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists notes that insulin resistance plays a key role, as high insulin levels can trigger more androgen production and disrupt ovulation.
Weight management is often difficult for those with PCOS, but studies show that losing just 5–10% of body weight can improve symptoms and restore ovulation.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms vary widely, from irregular periods and acne to weight gain, fatigue, mood swings, and hair thinning. Because signs may be mistaken for other conditions, diagnosis is often delayed. A thorough assessment includes medical history, blood tests, and sometimes an ultrasound.
Dr. Chinonso Egemba (Aproko Doctor) emphasizes that lifestyle change is key: “Studies reveal that losing 5–10% of body weight can significantly improve symptoms.”
He also points out the emotional toll, urging women to seek support. His wife, Chiamaka Nwakalor-Egemba, encourages those struggling with infertility: “My PCOS warriors, there is still hope! … Fight and take control of your body.”
Treatment and Support
Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes includes, regular exercise, balanced diets rich in fiber and whole foods, and stress management. Medication may include birth control pills for hormonal balance, metformin for insulin resistance, or fertility drugs like clomiphene.
Support organizations like the PCOS Awareness Association and PCOS Challenge provide resources, advocacy, and community connections.
Why Institutional Support Matters
Greater public health attention is crucial. As seen in initiatives like The Future Is Her Foundation’s recent Lagos event, access to screenings and education helps early detection. Experts recommend:
1. Including PCOS in school and university health programs
2. Training healthcare workers for better diagnosis
3. Offering public awareness campaigns and routine screenings
PCOS is manageable with the right mix of awareness, support, and care. With the combined efforts of individuals, communities, and institutions, millions of women can be empowered to take charge of their health and well being.
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